Advancing ethnobiology for the ecological transition and a more inclusive and just world: a comprehensive framework for the next 20 years.

This opinion piece, written by ethnobiologists from different parts of the world, emphasizes the importance of ethnobiology research in advancing contemporary biology, natural resource management, biodiversity conservation, sustainable development, and, especially, contributing to the ecological transition and more just and inclusive world. To achieve these goals, it is essential to develop research and collaborate with social groups that live in close relationship with nature in research activities, such as Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLC), as well as Afro-descendants and other Marginalized, Minority or Minoritized Communities (AMMC). Ethnobiology can identify and provide locally appropriate solutions to local problems, enabling sustainable resource management at the landscape level. The text explores important aspects that need to be considered to guide the future of ethnobiology in the next 20 years, aiming to integrate and amplify previous discussions held in the discipline and identify points that demand ongoing attention. This paper highlights reflections from diverse researchers, emphasizing how ethnobiology can embrace different perspectives and employ rigorous analysis of complex phenomena toward effective policies and practices. This approach holds the potential to address the challenges the planet is currently facing in the coming decades.

Food insecurity in a Brazilian transgender sample during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Transgender people often live with social vulnerability, largely promoted by gender-based prejudice. Our aim in this article was to raise preliminary data on how the COVID-19 pandemic and perceived prejudice have contributed to the problem of food and food insecurity in the transgender communities in Brazil. We conducted a web-based cross-sectional study, in which 109 transgender people from all regions of Brazil participated. We used the Chi-Square test and Poisson regression modeling with robust variance to estimate the association between food insecurity and the investigated factors. In our sample, 68.8% of transgender people experienced food insecurity, of these, 20.2% experienced severe food insecurity. Our results showed that the difficulties in purchasing food in the transgender community predate the COVID-19 pandemic, yet that the restrictive measures adopted have also impacted overall access to quality food. However, the main explanations for food insecurity were income and employment. In predicting food insecurity, the experiences of prejudice must be considered, and give rise to the hypothesis that specific conditions to which transgender people are exposed explain, to some degree, their vulnerability to food insecurity.

Biodiversity is overlooked in the diets of different social groups in Brazil.

Food biodiversity is essential for improving nutrition and reducing hunger in populations worldwide. However, in middle and low-income countries, the biodiversity of food production does not necessarily represent food consumption patterns by population. We used Brazil, one of the world's megabiodiverse countries, as a case study to investigate the following questions: what is the prevalence of consumption of biodiverse foods in Brazil, and what are the socioeconomic factors that influence their consumption throughout the country? We used data from a Brazilian representative national dietary survey to estimate the frequency of food consumption of unconventional food plants, edible mushrooms, and wild meat, in according to socioeconomic variables. Thus, we investigated the socioeconomic predictors of Unconventional Food Plants consumption using methods of Machine Learning (ML) and multiple zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression. We showed that biodiverse food consumption in Brazil is low, just related by 1.3% of the population, varying in according to area, ethnicity, age, food insecurity, sex, and educational level. Our findings of low utilization of biodiversity suggest an important mismatch between the rich biodiversity of the country and its representation in the human diet.

Assessment of Biodiversity in Food Consumption Studies: A Systematic Review.

The assessment of food biodiversity has gained importance in nutrition due to the positive association between the diversity of foods consumed and the quality of diets. To date, however, we do not know systematically how food consumption studies address food biodiversity. Our objective with this paper was to characterize how food consumption studies address biodiverse foods, both in terms of (i) new methods capable of overcoming the limitations of existing methods, and (ii) indicators capable of measuring the contribution of biodiversity to nutrition. We conducted a systematic review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), using four databases: Web of Science, Medline/PubMed (via National Library of Medicine), Scopus, and Google Scholar. We selected papers focused on the consumption of biodiverse foods without time constraints. In addition, we assessed the methodological quality of the studies we selected. We reviewed a total of 22 studies, and summarized the methods and indicators most used. We found that some researchers used biodiversity mapping strategies based on ethnographic approaches before the dietary assessment. Regarding dietary assessment tools, retrospective direct methods were the most used by researchers. We list 23 indicators used by the authors, among them the Dietary Species Richness (DSR), used in 18% of the studies. Studies that used biodiversity mapping strategies based on ethnographic approaches before the dietary assessment portrayed the local availability of biodiverse foods more consistently, i.e., presented lists with local edible species satisfactorily identified. We believe researchers in the future can avoid many of the limitations of current methods by ensuring that teams are interprofessional. We emphasize that most of the indicators we summarized are not sensitive enough to biodiversity since they do not measure edible resources at the species level. In this sense, the DSR is promising, because it fills information gaps, especially in the case of wild or neglected species.

Culture matters: A systematic review of antioxidant potential of tree legumes in the semiarid region of Brazil and local processing techniques as a driver of bioaccessibility.

Ethnobotanical studies report that human populations from the Brazilian Caatinga biome use tree legumes (Fabaceae) with medicinal and food purposes. Our study provides a systematic review of the available published information concerning the antioxidant potential of Hymenaea courbaril L. (jatobá), Libidibia ferrea (Mart. Ex Tul.) L.P.Queiroz (jucá), and Dioclea grandiflora Mart. Ex Benth. (mucunã). Furthermore, in this paper, we infer the possible effects of local processing techniques applied to these plants on their antioxidant potential. In order to achieve these goals, we reviewed 52 articles, including studies from ethnobiology (n = 17), chemistry (n = 32), and food studies testing antioxidant activity (n = 17), excluding 14 repetitions. We found that these legume species can inhibit the formation of free radicals and this potential action varies among different parts of the plant. Probably, the presence of phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids and flavonoids, which are not uniformly distributed in the plants, explain their antioxidant activity. Local processing techniques (i.e., roasting, milling) affect the bioaccessibility of antioxidant components of tree legumes, inducing both positive and negative effects. However, studies about the antioxidant potential did not consider local processing techniques in their analyses. Our study highlights that culture is a fundamental driver of nutritional and pharmacological outcomes related to edible resources since it determines which parts of the plant people consume and how they prepare them. Hence, ignoring cultural variables in the analysis of antioxidant activity will produce inaccurate or wrong scientific conclusions.

Rapid Ethnonutrition Assessment Method Is Useful to Prototype Dietary Assessments with a Focus on Local Biodiverse Food Plants.

Ethnonutrition is the study of diets in the context of food systems of different peoples and cultures. Its scope comprises native or local categories used to classify food, and also includes biodiverse food availability, local culinary techniques, seasonality, and cultural perceptions related to diet with nutritional implications. Here, we describe a method useful for gathering ethnonutrition data to design dietary interventions or assessments, the Rapid Ethnonutrition Assessment (REA). REA is a tool that offers food and nutrition research a broad biocultural view of diets, considering food system-level, by prototyping dietary assessments with high efficiency. This method permits us to prevent misinterpretations that lead to wrong conclusions in nutritional research.

Falhas de comunicação e epistemológicas limitam a abordagem da Bioética na formação e na prática em Saúde / Communication and epistemological shortcomings limit the bioethics approach in health education and practice / Fallas de comunicación y epistemológicas limitan el abordaje de la Bioética en la formación y práctica en Salud

Este artigo analisa o Ensino de Ética e Bioética (EEB) nos Programas de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde (PRMS) vinculados à Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Brasil. A fim de compreender o EEB em sete programas pesquisados, avaliamos sua perspectiva teórica com base nos projetos pedagógicos (PP) comparando com um currículo de referência ("Core Curriculum", Unesco). Para avaliar o aspecto prático, desenvolvemos 11 entrevistas semiestruturadas (critério de saturação) com preceptores (as) avaliadas por análise de conteúdo (abordagem framework). Os PP analisados tinham carga horária e módulos temáticos aquém daqueles propostos no currículo referência. Os (as) preceptores (as) desconhecem o EEB como parte do currículo dos PRMS. Apontamos a qualificação da comunicação universidade e serviços e o reconhecimento das contribuições dos (as) preceptores (as) na formação dos residentes como medidas importantes para qualificar o EEB. (AU)

This article analyzes the teaching of ethics and bioethics (TEB) in multiprofessional residency programs (MPRPs) linked to Rio Grande do Norte Federal University, Brazil. To understand TEB in the seven programs investigated by the study, we assessed theoretical perspectives in the pedagogical plans, comparing them to UNESCO's Bioethics Core Curriculum. To evaluate practical aspects, we conducted 11 semi-structured interviews (employing the saturation criterion) with preceptors, which were assessed using content analysis (framework approach). The pedagogical plans' course loads and thematic modules fell short of the Core Curriculum recommendations. The preceptors were unaware that TEB was part of the MPRPs. Improving the quality of university communication and services and recognizing preceptors' contributions to resident education and training are key measures needed to improve TEB. (AU)

Este artículo analiza la Enseñanza de Ética y Bioética (EEB) en los programas de Residencia Multiprofesional en Salud (PRMS) vinculados a la Universidad Federal de Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Brasil. Con la finalidad de comprender el EEB en siete programas investigados, evaluamos su perspectiva teórica a partir de los proyectos pedagógicos (PP) comparando con un currículum de referencia ("Core Curriculum", Unesco). Para evaluar el aspecto práctico, desarrollamos once entrevistas semiestructuradas (criterio saturación) con preceptores, evaluados por análisis de contenido (abordaje framework). Los PP analizados tenían carga horaria y módulos temáticos menores a los propuestos en el currículo de referencia. Los preceptores desconocen el EEB como parte del currículo de los PRMS. Señalamos la calificación de la comunicación universidad y servicios y el reconocimiento de las contribuciones de los preceptores en la formación de los residentes, como medidas importantes para calificar el EEB. (AU)

[Competency building in Nutrition in the context of Sustainable Food Systems]. / Desenvolvimento de competências para Nutrição no contexto de Sistemas Alimentares Sustentáveis.

The current discussion on the impacts of food systems on human and environmental health highlights the importance of training professionals who can work on the development of the future agenda that can incorporate the complexities of nutrition into policies, research, and the rendering of services relevant to the community. This paper presents the conclusions reached at a Brazilian event in 2018 that brought together specialists on the subject, namely students and qualified specialists in nutrition committed to understanding and identifying aspects of the training that limit professional performance. Necessary requirements were identified for the development of the workforce in nutrition, including specific knowledge, a set of specific technical skills to deal with this scenario and, lastly, the necessary dialogue with other specialized areas of knowledge. Ten recommendations on the characteristics of the curriculum and practices of the professional category that could foster the construction of the necessary skills were highlighted. The recommendations may contribute to successful training actions in nutrition in the light of the growing need for alignment with the current problems of Food and Nutrition Security and full attainment of the Sustainable Development Objectives.

A atual discussão sobre os impactos dos sistemas alimentares na saúde humana e ambiental destaca o relevo da formação de profissionais que possam atuar na elaboração de agenda futura que comporte as complexidades da Nutrição em políticas, pesquisas e prestação de serviços relevantes para a comunidade. Neste artigo são apresentadas as conclusões de um evento nacional que reuniu em 2018 especialistas no tema, estudantes e profissionais de Nutrição, empenhados em compreender e sumarizar aspectos da formação que limitam a atuação profissional. Foram identificados requisitos necessários ao desenvolvimento da força de trabalho em Nutrição, incluindo conhecimentos relativos ao tema, conjunto de habilidades técnicas específicas para fazer frente a esse cenário e, por fim, o diálogo necessário com outras disciplinas e áreas de conhecimento. Foram destacadas 10 recomendações relativas à característica do currículo e práticas da categoria profissional que poderão fomentar a construção das competências necessárias. As recomendações podem contribuir para a realização de ações formativas em Nutrição face à crescente necessidade de alinhamento com os problemas atuais de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional e boa consecução dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável.

Desenvolvimento de competências para Nutrição no contexto de Sistemas Alimentares Sustentáveis / Competency building in Nutrition in the context of Sustainable Food Systems

Resumo A atual discussão sobre os impactos dos sistemas alimentares na saúde humana e ambiental destaca o relevo da formação de profissionais que possam atuar na elaboração de agenda futura que comporte as complexidades da Nutrição em políticas, pesquisas e prestação de serviços relevantes para a comunidade. Neste artigo são apresentadas as conclusões de um evento nacional que reuniu em 2018 especialistas no tema, estudantes e profissionais de Nutrição, empenhados em compreender e sumarizar aspectos da formação que limitam a atuação profissional. Foram identificados requisitos necessários ao desenvolvimento da força de trabalho em Nutrição, incluindo conhecimentos relativos ao tema, conjunto de habilidades técnicas específicas para fazer frente a esse cenário e, por fim, o diálogo necessário com outras disciplinas e áreas de conhecimento. Foram destacadas 10 recomendações relativas à característica do currículo e práticas da categoria profissional que poderão fomentar a construção das competências necessárias. As recomendações podem contribuir para a realização de ações formativas em Nutrição face à crescente necessidade de alinhamento com os problemas atuais de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional e boa consecução dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável.

Abstract The current discussion on the impacts of food systems on human and environmental health highlights the importance of training professionals who can work on the development of the future agenda that can incorporate the complexities of nutrition into policies, research, and the rendering of services relevant to the community. This paper presents the conclusions reached at a Brazilian event in 2018 that brought together specialists on the subject, namely students and qualified specialists in nutrition committed to understanding and identifying aspects of the training that limit professional performance. Necessary requirements were identified for the development of the workforce in nutrition, including specific knowledge, a set of specific technical skills to deal with this scenario and, lastly, the necessary dialogue with other specialized areas of knowledge. Ten recommendations on the characteristics of the curriculum and practices of the professional category that could foster the construction of the necessary skills were highlighted. The recommendations may contribute to successful training actions in nutrition in the light of the growing need for alignment with the current problems of Food and Nutrition Security and full attainment of the Sustainable Development Objectives.

Insegurança alimentar e nutricional no Brasil e sua correlação com indicadores de vulnerabilidade / Food and nutritional insecurity in Brazil and its correlation with vulnerability markers

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a distribuição espaço-temporal da prevalência de IAN nas Unidades de Federação (UF) do Brasil e sua correlação com indicadores de vulnerabilidade. Estudo ecológico, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional Amostra de Domicílios (2004, 2009 e 2013) e do Altas Brasil (2010). Realizou-se análise temporal da distribuição espacial das prevalências de IAN. Na análise espacial bivariada foi utilizado o Índice de Moran. As prevalências de IAN diminuíram nos anos analisados e apresentaram correlação espacial negativa e moderada com o IDH; positiva e moderada com porcentagem de extremamente pobres, mortalidade infantil, índice de vulnerabilidade social, índice de vulnerabilidade social capital humano; positiva e forte com índice de vulnerabilidade social renda e trabalho. Conclui-se que houve diminuição da prevalência de IAN nos anos analisados e que o território brasileiro apresentou dois padrões distintos: territórios com maiores prevalências de IAN e piores condições de renda, trabalho e saúde infantil nas regiões Norte e Nordeste; e territórios com menores prevalências de IAN e menor vulnerabilidade nas regiões Centro-Oeste, Sudeste e Sul.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze space-time distribution of the prevalence of food and nutritional insecurity (FNI) in the Brazilian Federative Units and their correlation with vulnerability markers. This is an ecological study, with data from the National Household Sample Survey (2004, 2009 and 2013) and Atlas Brazil (2010). A time analysis of the spatial distribution of FNI prevalence was performed. Moran's Index was used in bivariate spatial analysis. The prevalence of FNI have decreased along the years studied and showed a negative and moderate spatial correlation with the Human Development Index; a positive and moderate correlation with the percentage of the extremely poor, child mortality, social vulnerability index, human capital social vulnerability index; and positive and strong correlation with income and work social vulnerability index. We can conclude that there was a lower prevalence of FNI in the analyzed years and that the Brazilian territory showed two distinct patterns: territories with higher FNI prevalence and worse conditions as regards income, work and child health in the North and Northeast; and territories with lower FNI prevalence and lower vulnerability in the Midwest, Southeast and South.

Food and nutritional insecurity in Brazil and its correlation with vulnerability markers. / Insegurança alimentar e nutricional no Brasil e sua correlação com indicadores de vulnerabilidade.

This study aimed to analyze space-time distribution of the prevalence of food and nutritional insecurity (FNI) in the Brazilian Federative Units and their correlation with vulnerability markers. This is an ecological study, with data from the National Household Sample Survey (2004, 2009 and 2013) and Atlas Brazil (2010). A time analysis of the spatial distribution of FNI prevalence was performed. Moran's Index was used in bivariate spatial analysis. The prevalence of FNI have decreased along the years studied and showed a negative and moderate spatial correlation with the Human Development Index; a positive and moderate correlation with the percentage of the extremely poor, child mortality, social vulnerability index, human capital social vulnerability index; and positive and strong correlation with income and work social vulnerability index. We can conclude that there was a lower prevalence of FNI in the analyzed years and that the Brazilian territory showed two distinct patterns: territories with higher FNI prevalence and worse conditions as regards income, work and child health in the North and Northeast; and territories with lower FNI prevalence and lower vulnerability in the Midwest, Southeast and South.

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a distribuição espaço-temporal da prevalência de IAN nas Unidades de Federação (UF) do Brasil e sua correlação com indicadores de vulnerabilidade. Estudo ecológico, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional Amostra de Domicílios (2004, 2009 e 2013) e do Altas Brasil (2010). Realizou-se análise temporal da distribuição espacial das prevalências de IAN. Na análise espacial bivariada foi utilizado o Índice de Moran. As prevalências de IAN diminuíram nos anos analisados e apresentaram correlação espacial negativa e moderada com o IDH; positiva e moderada com porcentagem de extremamente pobres, mortalidade infantil, índice de vulnerabilidade social, índice de vulnerabilidade social capital humano; positiva e forte com índice de vulnerabilidade social renda e trabalho. Conclui-se que houve diminuição da prevalência de IAN nos anos analisados e que o território brasileiro apresentou dois padrões distintos: territórios com maiores prevalências de IAN e piores condições de renda, trabalho e saúde infantil nas regiões Norte e Nordeste; e territórios com menores prevalências de IAN e menor vulnerabilidade nas regiões Centro-Oeste, Sudeste e Sul.

Animal-based food systems are unsafe: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) fosters the debate on meat consumption.

OBJECTIVE: The current pandemic restarts a debate on permanently banning wildlife consumption in an effort to prevent further public health threats. In this commentary, we offer two ideas to enhance the discussion on foodborne zoonotic diseases in food systems. DESIGN: First, we focus on the probable consequences that the loss of access to wildlife could cause to the status of food and nutrition security of many people in developing countries that rely on bushmeat to subsist. Second, we argue that all animal-based food systems, especially the ones based on intensive husbandry, present food safety threats. CONCLUSION: To ban the access to bushmeat without a rational analysis of all human meat production and consumption in the global animal-based food system will not help us to prevent future outbreaks.

Biodiverse food plants in the semiarid region of Brazil have unknown potential: A systematic review.

Food biodiversity presents one of the most significant opportunities to enhance food and nutrition security today. The lack of data on many plants, however, limits our understanding of their potential and the possibility of building a research agenda focused on them. Our objective with this systematic review was to identify biodiverse food plants occurring in the Caatinga biome, Brazil, strategic for the promotion of food and nutrition security. We selected studies from the following databases: Web of Science, Medline/PubMed (via the National Library of Medicine), Scopus and Embrapa Agricultural Research Databases (BDPA). Eligible were original articles, published since 2008, studying food plants occurring in the Caatinga. We assessed the methodological quality of the studies we selected. We reviewed a total of fifteen studies in which 65 plants that met our inclusion criteria were mentioned. Of this amount, 17 species, including varieties, subspecies, and different parts of plants, had data on chemical composition, in addition to being mentioned as food consumed by rural communities in observational ethnobotanical studies. From the energy and protein data associated with these plants, we produced a ranking of strategic species. The plants with values higher than the average of the set were: Dioclea grandiflora Mart. ex Benth (mucunã), Hymenaea courbaril L. (jatobá), Syagrus cearensis Noblick (coco-catolé), Libidibia ferrea (Mart. ex Tul.) L.P.Queiroz (jucá), Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. & Schult.) T.D.Penn. (quixabeira). We suggest that the scientific community concentrates research efforts on tree legumes, due to their resilience and physiological, nutritional, and culinary qualities.

Biodiversidade de plantas alimentícias não convencionais em uma horta comunitária com fins educativos / Biodiversity of underutilized food plants in a community-based learning garden

As plantas alimentícias não convencionais (PANC) oferecem a oportunidade de superação de desafios que se impõem aos sistemas alimentares. Todavia, a escassez de dados sobre essas plantas e as lacunas encontradas na formação em Nutrição são gargalos que dificultam sua abordagem. Para abordar alguns desses limites, um projeto de horta comunitária foi desenvolvido em um curso de graduação em nutrição em uma universidade federal do nordeste do Brasil. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados obtidos com esta iniciativa em seus primeiros doze meses com o uso do método Aprendizagem Baseada em Hortas (ABH). Durante 2018, oito plantas foram estudadas. Os dados coletados sobre PANC pelos alunos incluíram: família botânica, nomes populares, origem, bioma de ocorrência, usos alimentícios e indicadores nutricionais. O uso da ABH envolveu algumas estratégias, tais como definição de tema, elaboração de um produto de culminância e promoção da pesquisa em múltiplas bases de evidência. O método ABH mediou o processo educacional implicado com conceitos, práticas e atitudes. As plantas estudadas têm potencial para contribuir com a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, devido a alguns critérios, como adequação ao bioma do ambiente de estudo e variedade de nutrientes. Reconhecer plantas alimentícias nativas e adaptadas, resilientes à paisagem da Caatinga, é essencial para melhorar a saúde ambiental e humana neste bioma. Os dados resultantes da experiência de ensino serviram de base para ações de promoção de dietas sustentáveis junto à comunidade inserida no projeto, por meio de conversas e atividades práticas na horta e oficinas culinárias. (AU)

Underutilized food plants (UFP) offer the opportunity to overcome issues that are currently facing sustainable food systems. The scarcity of data on them and the gaps found in the nutrition workforce are challenges that limit their approach. To addresses some of them, a community-based garden project was developed in an undergraduate program in nutrition at a federal university in northeastern Brazil. This paper aims to present the results obtained with this project in its first twelve months concerning the use of Garden-Based Learning (GBL). During 2018 eight plants were studied with the support of this method. The data gathered on UFP by students included: botanical family, vernacular names, origin, the biome of occurrence, food uses, and nutritional indicators. The use of GBL involved some strategies such as definition of theme, elaboration of a culmination product, and fostering the research of different kinds of knowledge. The GBL method mediated the educational process implied with concepts, practices, and attitudes. The plants studied have the potential to contribute with Food and Nutrition Security due some criteria such as adequacy to the biome of the study setting and variety of nutrients. Recognize native and adapted food plants resilient to the dry landscape is central to enhance environmental and human health. The resulting data served as a basis to promote sustainable diets with the surrounding community, from lectures to hands-on activities in the garden and kitchen. (AU)

Inspeção sanitária de produtos de origem animal: o debate sobre qualidade de alimentos no Brasil / Sanitary inspection of animal products: discussing food quality in Brazil

Resumo No Rock in Rio de 2017 a Vigilância Sanitária apreendeu, por falta do selo federal de inspeção sanitária, mais de 160kg de produtos de origem animal, incluindo queijos e linguiças artesanais, de uma renomada chef brasileira. Este evento reacendeu o debate sobre a qualidade dos alimentos no país. Neste artigo, propomos uma discussão sobre a inspeção de produtos animais no Brasil e defendemos um conceito amplo de qualidade, utilizando um método que se baseia na proposta de ensaio de Adorno. Apresentamos o cenário nacional da inspeção, definindo responsabilidades governamentais, conflitos de interesses e propostas em andamento para revisar as normativas específicas vigentes. Em seguida, abordamos a ampliação do conceito de qualidade de alimentos, contextualizando-o no movimento contemporâneo intitulado quality turn. Por fim, apontamos os desafios do cenário político brasileiro e destacamos a necessidade das reformas epistemológica, política e ética para o debate sobre a qualidade de alimentos visando a promover a segurança alimentar e nutricional da população brasileira.

Abstract In 2017, at Rock in Rio, Sanitary Surveillance seized more than 160 kg of animal products, including cheese and hand-crafted sausages, from a renowned Brazilian chef for lack of a federal sanitary inspection stamp. This event rekindled the debate on food quality in the country. In this paper, we discuss animal products' inspection in Brazil and advocate for a broad concept of quality. Our method relays on Adorno's essay proposal. We present the national scenario of the inspection, defining governmental responsibilities, conflicts of interest, and undergoing proposals to review current laws. Then we approach the expansion of the concept of food quality, contextualizing it in the contemporary movement called "quality turn". Lastly, we indicate the challenges of the Brazilian political scenario and highlight the epistemological, political and ethical reforms needed for the debate on food quality to promote the Food and Nutrition Security of the Brazilian population.

Falhas do sistema alimentar brasileiro: contribuições da geografia literária para o fortalecimento da democracia alimentar / Failures on Brazilian food system: contributions from literary geography to enhance food democracy

Resumo A necessidade de reformular sistemas alimentares é uma constante nos debates das Políticas de Alimentação e Nutrição em todo o mundo. A ciência da Nutrição, nesse cenário, tem a oportunidade de avaliar sua abordagem hegemônica, ligada ao paradigma biológico, visando a um maior engajamento político nas questões que fragilizam seu sistema alimentar. Buscou-se, com este trabalho, demonstrar como o processo histórico e social de construção do sistema alimentar brasileiro relaciona-se com falhas de segurança alimentar e nutricional atuais. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, que tomou como perspectiva de método a geografia literária. O território brasileiro foi dividido em sete manchas culinárias, porções do território que constituem regiões para o estudo social da alimentação. Compuseram seu corpus 27 trabalhos literários, de 20 escritores brasileiros, coletados e analisados com o apoio das dimensões conceituais definidas no estudo: espaços narrativos e objetos culinários. O mau uso da terra, a comoditização da comida e a oferta indiscriminada de alimentos industrializados foram listadas como as principais falhas no sistema alimentar analisado. A abordagem das Ciências Humanas e Sociais pode oferecer importante contribuição à Nutrição para maior protagonismo em problemas do sistema alimentar relacionados com aspectos socioculturais.

Abstract The need to reformulate food systems is a constant in the debates of Food and Nutrition Policies worldwide. The science of Nutrition, in this scenario, has the opportunity to evaluate its hegemonic approach, linked to the biological paradigm, aiming at a greater political engagement in issues that weaken its food system. This work aimed to demonstrate how the historical and social process of construction of the Brazilian food system is related to current food and nutritional security deficiencies. This is qualitative research, which took as a method perspective the literary geography. The Brazilian territory was divided into seven culinary spots, portions of the territory that form regions for the social study of food. Their corpus consisted of 27 literary works, from 20 Brazilian writers, collected and analyzed with the support of the conceptual dimensions defined in the study: narrative spaces and culinary objects. The misuse of land, the commoditization of food and the indiscriminate supply of industrialized food were listed as the main flaws in the food system analyzed. The Humanities and Social Sciences approach can offer an important contribution to Nutrition in order to play a greater role in food system problems related to socio-cultural aspects.